DETERMINANTES GENÉTICOS Y SUS MECANISMOS DE ACCIÓN IMPLICADOS EN LA RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA A METALES PESADOS: UNA REVISIÓN.
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https://doi.org/10.47187/perf.v1i27.147Palabras clave:
Proteínas, enzimas, transcripción, transgénicosResumen
Se identificó y describió los principales determinantes genéticos implicados en la resistencia bacteriana a metales pesados reportados en la literatura, así como sus usos a nivel biotecnológico y ambiental. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de información de los últimos 10 años encontrados en revistas con indexación SJR disponibles en las diferentes bases de datos; bosquejando la situación actual del conocimiento sobre el tema y realizando comparaciones cualitativas entre las investigaciones seleccionadas. Las bacterias se encuentran en constante evolución y se vuelven más resistentes gracias a la adquisición de genes que les permite hacer frente a los efectos tóxicos de los metales. Por ello, se compiló desde varios autores los determinantes genéticos de resistencia bacteriana para los metales, como el arsénico, mercurio, cromato y cadmio siendo respectivamente: ars, mer, chr, cad y czc; estos sistemas pueden localizarse en el cromosoma o plásmidos de las bacterias. Se describe el mecanismo de acción que codifica cada determinante, siendo la regulación y la desintoxicación enzimática los principales mecanismos. Finalmente, se comparó las aplicaciones biotecnológicas y ambientales de los determinantes, encontrándose un amplio uso en la construcción de biosensores y organismos genéticamente modificados.
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